By Dave Bohmer
Now here's a name that doesn't come up a great deal these days, even when the discussion is restricted to baseball historians: Ford Frick.
Frick served as the Commissioner of Baseball from 1951 to 1965, and he's not exactly well remembered these days. Frick's most memorable moment might have come in 1961, when Roger Maris was trying to break Babe Ruth's record of 60 home runs in a season. Maris did have eight extra games to do it, thanks to the introduction of a 162-game season, and Frick suggested that a new record might need some sort of qualifier or marking in order to separate it from the Babe's record if it came to that. (Note: Frick and Ruth were very close friends until Babe dies, which raised some conflict of interest issues.)
The nickname for that qualifier became an asterisk, and Frick became associated with it. At the time, the idea didn't seem so ridiculous. But soon people came to think that a season was a season, and the record should be for the season no matter what the number of games was. Other sports (notably football) have lengthened their seasons over the years and not had that problem. Baseball always treated its records more seriously than the others, and Frick paid the price. That and some other incidents hurt the Commissioner's reputation for history.
Author Dave Bohmer took it upon himself to revisit Frick's life and times in his book. "Ford Frick" seems to have been attractive to the author because Frick attended DePauw University, while Bohmer serves as director emeritus of the Pulliam Center for Contemporary Media and Media Fellows Program at that same institution. How does he do? It's a mixed bag overall.
There wasn't a direct path to baseball administration in the relatively early days of the sport's history. People rarely worked up to the job, as Rob Manfred essentially did. Frick came out of DePauw and became a sportswriter and sportscaster in the 1920s and 1930s. But his life took a turn in 1934 when he was named as the National League's public relations director in 1934, and moved up to be league president later that same year. When Happy Chandler was pushed out the door as Commissioner in 1951, Frick took his place.
While reading this, it's striking just how much baseball administration has changed over the years. The American and National Leagues really were separated in many ways, as many of the issues that came up for baseball in Frick's years were considered "league matters." Umpires reported to the league office, and expansion was done somewhat haphazardly. This essentially means that Frick's hands were tied more often than not when it came to taking the proper action. Frick received some criticism for doing little or nothing in certain baseball matters, but he didn't exactly push open the envelope all the time. That really has to remembered when considering his legacy.
But that's not to say there weren't matters to consider. Baseball went from the railroad age to the airplane age during Frick's tenure. No longer did baseball teams have to be bunched closely together in the Northeast and Midwest so that they could play games on consecutive days after a train trip. That meant that cities with two teams (Philadelphia, Boston and St. Louis) were likely to lose one of them, especially with shifting demographics as the nation's population spread through the South and West. Throw in the Dodgers and Giants' stadium issues, that forced both of them out of New York City to head West, and the possibility of a new league called the Continental - which essentially forced the hand of the sport toward expansion - and changes were inevitable, unprecedented and a bit messy. It's difficult to think Frick could have done too much differently under the rules of the sport at the time.
Other big issues came up as well. Baseball grappled with the idea of how to prevent the rich teams from signing all of the top prospects when they were coming out of school. There were restrictions on bonuses and rules about the usage of players. To his credit, Frick probably guided the sport to the free agent draft that has become a part of the landscape of the business today. Baseball also had some anti-trust issues with the courts during his time on the job, as the courts and Congress both weighed in on the issue. Frick preached the owner's standard line about how the reserve clause was necessary for the sport to survive; he turned out to be spectacularly wrong on that, although he had plenty of company. The Commissioner was involved in the decision to play two All-Star Games per season, a viewpoint that has not aged particularly well.
Bohmer ends his story with a chapter on the beginning of baseball and how the Hall of Fame got its start in Cooperstown, New York. The legend is that the game was invented by Abner Doubleday in that tiny upstate hamlet in 1839, even though there was little backing evidence to the story. Once the decision was made to put a Hall of Fame there, Frick put in a lot of work to make it a success. It might be the most interesting chapter in the book.
What's missing to a certain degree here is an analysis of how baseball did as a cultural attraction during Frick's tenure. After World War II, baseball really was the national pastime and the unquestioned biggest sport around. The majors attracted huge amounts of attention, and the minor league even did well too. But by 1965, that advantage was disappearing. Pro football was on the march, and headed toward a dominant economic position. Baseball was slow to react to that, in part because it didn't have the proper administration that could made changes. The owners (or, as they are too frequently called in the text, "magnates") waited too long to keep up with the times. Frick probably was never going to have the power to change that arc.
Frick himself wrote an autobiography about his life, and a previous biography on him came out in 2016. There's good research in this version, and that makes "Ford Frick" a valuable tool in judging those years ... - even if it might to lead to some honest disagreements about how those years affected baseball going forward.
Three stars
Learn more about this book from Amazon.com.
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